Direct teaching strategies

1.  DIRECT TEACHING STRATEGIES

Direct teaching is a method of imparting information to students directly. Obviously, this type of teaching approach is highly teacher-directed in which students listen while teachers provide information. This teaching approach is commonly utilized in traditional classrooms and has been shown to be effective when teachers want to convey fundamental information or explain a new skill to students.

The teaching strategy includes methods such as Explicit Teaching, Lecture and Guest lecture.

• Explicit Teaching

This is a type of direct teaching strategy in which teachers guide and explain more specific content related to lessons so that students can acquire a wide range of knowledge and skills.

• Lecture

In the lecture, teachers convey and explain the content of lessons. Teachers are presenters and communicators. To possess the knowledge from teachers, students simply listen to lectures and take notes.

• Guest Lecture

According to this method, students are participated in courses where communicators and presenters are not teachers, but rather professionals from businesses. Through the experiences and knowledge of the keynote speakers, students will gain an overview or specific knowledge of their training major.

2. INDIRECT TEACHING STRATEGIES

Indirect teaching is a student-centered approach to learning where students are provided opportunities for autonomy without public and direct teaching activities conducted by lecturers. In this instructional model, lecturers take on the role of a facilitator or supporter and students are encouraged to utilize their critical thinking to solve problems and make decisions in the learning process.

This strategy’s teaching methods include Inquiry, Problem Based Solving, Case study.

• Inquiry

In the teaching process, teachers employ open-ended questions or problems, as well as a guide to assist students answer questions step by step. More importantly, students may be asked to participate in group discussions to solve the difficult problems.

• Problem Based Solving

In the process of teaching and learning, learners are presented with problems to solve, and they gain new knowledge by solving problems. Through the process of finding solutions to the problems, students obtain knowledge and skills required by the subject.

• Case Study

This is a type of student-centered approach to learning that allows students to improve their critical thinking and communication skills. According to this method, teachers introduce students to real-life situations, problems or challenges, which they must solve. This method helps students develop problem-solving abilities, decision-making and research skills.

3. EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

Experiential learning is a teaching strategy in which students acquire knowledge and skills through hands-on experience, practice, observation and feeling. They learn by doing and getting practical experience.

The teaching strategy includes methods such as Models, Internship, Field Trip, Experiment and Teaching Research Team, etc.

This is a type of teaching approach in which students are exposed to observation, the construction process, and design models that teachers demand in order for them to possess a wide range of knowledge and skills.

• Internship, Field Trip

Through activities such as sightseeing, internships, field trips to the construction sites and companies will help students understand the actual working environment of their training major, learn technologies being applied in the field of training major, and develop their occupational skills and working culture in the companies after graduation. This method not only assists students in acquiring a variety of knowledge and skills, but it also provides students with future career opportunities after graduation.

• Experiment

This is a type of teaching method in which teachers employ experimental operations, and students observe and practice those experiments under the supervision of teachers, with the goal of achieving educational objectives.

• Teaching Research Team

Students are encouraged to participate in teacher-led projects, research and teaching groups, which help them develop their research abilities and creative skills. Since then, it will provide a foundation for students to continue higher education at the master’s and doctoral levels after completing the training program and graduating.

4. Interactive Teaching

This is a type of teaching and learning strategy in which teachers utilize a variety of activities in the classroom, such as questioning or open-ended inquires to get students to discuss and debate a topic to solve it. Teachers play an important role in leading students through the problem-solving process step by step. Since then, this has aided students in achieving their education objectives. Students can learn social skills, critical thinking skills, communication skills, negotiation skills and decision-making abilities from classmates or teachers.

The teaching strategy includes methods and techniques such as: Debate, Discussions, Peer Learning, etc.

• Debates

This is a type of teaching process in which teachers give a problem related to the lesson content, and students with opposing opinions on the topic must analyze, explain and persuade listeners to support their viewpoint. Through this teaching activity, students develop abilities such as critical thinking, negotiating and making decisions, as well as public speaking skills.

• Discussion

This is a type of teaching method in which students are divided into groups and engaged in discussions about their perspectives on a specific topic provided by the teacher. In contrast to the debate method, in the discussion approach, students share similar viewpoints and attempt to identify ways to supplement their opinions and solutions.

• Peer learning

Students are separated into small groups to solve problems provided by the teacher and deliver their group’s findings in reports or presentations to other groups and teachers.

5. Autonomy

Autonomy strategies are understood that all students’ learning activities are carried out by themselves, with little or no guidance from the teacher. This is a process of assisting students in orienting their studies based on their own learning experiences and providing autonomy and control over their activities through exercises, projects or topics suggested and instructed by their teacher in class. This strategy’s learning method is mainly through a Work Assignment.

Work Assignment: According to this method, students are given work assignments based on the teacher’s contents and requirements. Students can develop their autonomy and obtain a wide range of knowledge and skills when completing work assignments.